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Social media and AI: user privacy concerns remain an issue

December 2024
 by Alexander Dowidar-Jackson

Social media and AI: user privacy concerns remain an issue

December 2024
 By Alexander Dowidar-Jackson

In September 2024, media outlets reported that over 600,000 people had fallen victim to a hoax claiming users could deny Meta the right to use their images to train its artificial intelligence (AI).[1] People across Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp thought by sharing the same fake “Goodbye Meta AI” message the company would no longer be able to use their data. Prominent figures including Tom Brady, Ashley Tisdale and James McAvoy were among the many duped by the hoax. However, it quickly became clear that sharing the story did nothing to stop Meta using this data with the actual opt-out function located in the user settings of Facebook and Instagram.

The incident once again shed light on the growing issue of how large technology firms, especially social media companies, use the vast quantities of personal information they have access to in order to develop their own AI models. So far, many prominent companies involved in developing AI have been reluctant to share where they source their data and how they use it.[2] The fact that over half a million people were duped by the hoax highlights the unease many feel over how companies like Meta use their data, especially for AI. This is also reflected in recent research which shows that the majority of people report concerns over AI and its implications for privacy.[3]

Different platforms, different approaches

It is important to note that the application of AI to social media varies across platforms. In September 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published a report which investigated how large social media and video streaming companies, including Meta, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), Snap and Twitch (owned by Amazon), handled personal user information, including using it to train their AI models. It found that users “had little or no way to opt out of how their data was used by these automated systems, and that there were differing, inconsistent, and inadequate approaches to monitoring and testing the use of automated systems.”[4] Some companies have already pressed ahead with allowing their users’ data to be used for AI. In March 2024, Reddit disclosed that it expected to generate USD $203 million in revenue from licensing its user posts to companies like Google for use in AI projects.[5] This drew scrutiny from the FTC which sent a letter to the company questioning how it intended to use user-generated content to train AI models.

Data regulation a hurdle for social media companies

The data privacy regulations of different jurisdictions have also proven key to determining whether social media companies can start using user data for AI. In the UK and EU, with their strong GDPR rules, Meta was forced to suspend its plans in June 2024 to use regional user data to train its AI.[6] In September 2024, LinkedIn also suspended using UK user data to develop its AI models following regulatory scrutiny.[7] While Meta is not currently using EU user data for AI purposes, it has started using UK data, with users in the country being told they have to opt out if they do not want their data to be used. In the US, where data protection rules are laxer, Meta can already use public posts from Facebook and Instagram for AI without needing to give users a way to opt out.[8] Similarly, while LinkedIn has stated that it does not use personal data from users in the UK, EU, EEA, Switzerland, Hong Kong and mainland China to train its AI, it can use personal data from outside these jurisdictions unless, again, users opt out.[9]

What you can do to protect your privacy

So, what can you do if you are concerned about how social media companies use your personal information? There are several steps you can take here to minimise your online footprint and protect your digital privacy. If possible and practical, try to disclose as little personally identifiable information about yourself on these platforms to reduce the risk of it being used by an AI algorithm. Increasing privacy settings is another key step in case a platform’s terms allow it to use data for AI from your public posts. You can also inform social media companies that you do not wish to have your personal data used to train their AI models. The ability to opt out and to what extent will, of course, vary across platforms and depend on which jurisdiction you are in. It is also imperative to opt out sooner rather than later as on many platforms opting out is not retrospective. So, any of your personal data previously processed by their AI models will not be deleted. These recommendations extend not just to yourself but your family and friends as well, as unless they also take steps to increase their privacy and opt out, social media companies will be entitled to use their data even if it includes personal information about you.

The future remains uncertain

As AI remains in its infancy, we are yet to see the full implications of how social media companies use user data. Those who advocate allowing these firms to use personal information argue that the potential technological advancements and societal benefits outweigh people’s privacy concerns.[10] They also argue that if AI cannot be trained on real data and, instead, relies on its own synthetic data, the risk of so-called AI hallucinations will only grow. However, users cannot simply rely on the goodwill of social media companies given the genuine concerns over what data they intend to use (or are already using), how it will be used and stored, and for how long. As a result, while these uncertainties remain and data privacy regulations play catch-up with the latest AI developments, you are best exercising caution, increasing your privacy settings and choosing to opt out where possible.


[1] Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cj4d5jjqg2qo ; https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/sep/26/will-the-goodbye-meta-ai-message-protect-users-posts-from-being-used-to-train-ai ; https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/goodbye-meta-ai-instagram-post-disclaimer-b2619135.html

[2] Source: https://www.vox.com/technology/2023/7/27/23808499/ai-openai-google-meta-data-privacy-nope

[3] Source: https://kpmg.com/uk/en/home/media/press-releases/2023/05/despite-the-hype-theres-a-long-way-to-go-to-convince-consumers-of-the-benefits-of-ai.html ; https://iapp.org/resources/article/consumer-perspectives-of-privacy-and-ai/

[4] Source: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/09/ftc-staff-report-finds-large-social-media-video-streaming-companies-have-engaged-vast-surveillance

[5] Source: https://www.wired.com/story/reddits-sale-user-data-ai-training-draws-ftc-investigation/

[6] Source: https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/hey-uk-heres-how-to-opt-out-of-meta-using-your-facebook-and-instagram-data-to-train-its-ai/

[7] Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy89x4y1pmgo

[8] Source: https://www.nytimes.com/article/meta-ai-scraping-policy.html

[9] Source: https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a5538339 ; https://www.thestack.technology/linkedin-trains-ai-on-personal-data/

[10] Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/roomykhan/2024/10/04/ai-training-data-dilemma-legal-experts-argue-for-fair-use/

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